A Study to Evaluate the Effectiveness of Structured Teaching Programme on Knowledge regarding Risk Factors and Preventive Measures for Suicidal Ideation among Adolescent Studying in selected College at Bhopal M.P.

Ranjita Mude

HOD of Mental Health Nursing, Samarth Nursing College, Akola, Maharashtra, India.

*Corresponding Author E-mail: samrtha.college@gmail.com

ABSTRACT:

Suicide occurs more often in older than in younger people, but is still one of the leading causes of death in late childhood and adolescence worldwide. This not only results in a direct loss of many young lives, but also has disruptive psychosocial and adverse socio-economic effects. From the perspective of public mental health, suicide among young people is a main issue to address. Therefore we need good insight in the risk factors contributing to suicidal behavior in youth. This mini review gives a short overview of the most important risk factors for adolescents, as established by scientific research in this domain. Key risk factors found were: mental disorders, previous suicide attempts, specific personality characteristics, genetic loading and family processes in combination with triggering psychosocial stressors, exposure to inspiring models and availability of means of committing suicide. Further unraveling and knowledge of the complex interplay of these factors is highly relevant with regard to the development of effective prevention strategy plans for youth suicide. Methodology: The research design used for the study was Pre-experimental research design. The study was conducted among adolescents at Rajeev Gandhi college Bhopal (M.P). A sample size of forty (40) adolescents was selected through convenient sampling technique. The study group was selected by the convenient sampling technique. After obtaining the written consent from adolescents for willingness to participate in the study, a demographic data sheet was given to the adolescents, followed by regarding suicidal ideation were administered to the adolescents to evaluate the effectiveness of STP. Post test was done on the 15^th day following intervention. The data were analyzed and interpreted in terms of objectives formulated. The descriptive and inferential statistics were used in data analysis. Result: Pre-test revealed that 14(35%) had poor knowledge, and 26(65%) had average knowledge. Post-test revealed that 25(62.5%) had average knowledge and 15(37.5%) had good knowledge, assessed by using self structured questionnaire. Comparison of mean and standard deviation score of level of knowledge and effectiveness of structure teaching program among adolescents during pre-test and post-test. In pre-test mean level of knowledge was 8.3 with the standard deviation of 2.56 and in post-test mean level of knowledge was 12.9 with the standard deviation of 2.89. The mean difference between the pre-test and post-test value was 23. The ‘paired t’ test value was 7.54, a statistically significant value at p<0.05. It was interpreted that structured teaching program increase the level of knowledge. The level of knowledge among adolescents had increase after intervention of structured teaching program the finding of the present study showed that there is significant association between the pre-test knowledge and selected demographic variables. Conclusion: The finding of the present study proved that adolescents had poor knowledge regarding risk factors and preventive measures for suicidal ideation among adolescents before administration of structured teaching program. There was significance gain in knowledge after structured teaching program. The findings of the study shows that STP was effective in terms of gaining knowledge regarding risk factors and preventive measures for suicidal ideation. Therefore the research hypothesis was accepted.

KEYWORDS: Suicidal thought, adolescents, knowledge, structured teaching program, risk factors, Preventive measures.

INTRODUCTION:

Suicide is the act of taking one’s own life. According to the American Foundation for Suicide Prevention, suicide is the 10th leading cause of death in the United States, taking the lives of approximately 47,000 Americans each year. Suicidal behaviour refers to talking about or taking actions related to ending one’s own life. Suicidal thoughts and behaviours should be considered a psychiatric emergency. If you or someone you know is exhibiting either, you should seek immediate assistance from a healthcare provider. There are major developmental changes and challenges associated with the period of adolescents. As the youth acquires and consolidates the competencies, attitudes, and values, so the social capital is necessary to make a successful transition into adulthood. The WHO estimates that about one million people die by committing suicide every year. It is the third leading cause of death.

Suicidal behaviour is a leading cause of injury and death worldwide. Information about the epidemiology of such behaviour is important for policy-making and prevention. Results should be used in ongoing efforts to decrease the significant loss of life caused by suicidal behaviour. Ideation can be identified from surveys with forms/questionnaires in which anonymity is maintained and which represent the realities that each group of adolescents experiences in their community with aspirations and anxieties. Suicide attempt is only identified in the health care centre/hospital and has as limitation the identification of the embarrassment caused to family or close relatives, sometimes leading the act not to be reported.

NEED OF THE STUDY:

The aim of the study is to investigate the current state of knowledge concerning suicidal behaviour and attempted suicide in adolescents and young adults. The literature on the subject is analysed, and special attention is paid to the issue of suicide epidemiology, risk factors, prevention and treatment.

It is a time proven fact that all the living organisms on this earth fight for survival and existence. What then makes the man to risk his own life? The tragedy of self – inflicted death has always attracted the attention of the medical as well as the legal fraternity.

People who have committed suicide or have been thinking about committing suicide probably feel overwhelmed by their problems. They might not be able to handle that kind of pressure and feel that death would be the only way to escape it. Suicidal behavior is thus defined as ‘a preoccupation or act that is focused on causing one’s own death voluntarily’. An intent to cause ones death is essential in the definition. Suicidal behavior is usually divided into the categories of suicide ideation, suicide threats, suicide gesture, suicidal attempts, and completed suicide.

PREVELANCE:

In an international survey, in 2015, the lifetime prevalence of suicidal ideation was estimated between 2.1% (in Beirut) to 18.5% in Christchurch, New Zealand. In this survey, the prevalence of lifetime suicidal attempt was estimated from 0.7% in Beirut to 5.9% in Puerto Rico. Suicide is a major public health concern worldwide. Each year, about 30,000 individuals die by suicide in the US and about one million die by suicide in the world. Close to 800 000 people die due to suicide every year, which is one person every 40seconds. Suicide is a global phenomenon and occurs throughout the lifespan. Effective and evidence-based interventions can be implemented at population, sub-population and individual levels to prevent suicide and suicide attempts. There are indications that for each adult who died by suicide there may have been more than 20 others attempting suicide.

METHODOLOGY:

The research design used for the study was Pre-experimental research design. The study was conducted among adolescents at Rajeev Gandhi college Bhopal (M.P). A sample size of forty (40) adolescents was selected through convenient sampling technique. The study group was selected by the convenient sampling technique. After obtaining the written consent from adolescents for willingness to participate in the study, a demographic data sheet was given to the adolescents, followed by regarding suicidal ideation were administered to the adolescents to evaluate the effectiveness of STP. Post test was done on the 15^th day following intervention. The data were analyzed and interpreted in terms of objectives formulated. The descriptive and inferential statistics were used in data analysis.

RESULT:

Description of socio demographic variable of college students:

Age (in year):

In that highest 19(47.5%) college students were between the age group of 18-19 year, 18 (45%) were between the age group of 19-20, and only 3 (7.5%) were between the age group of 17-18 year.

Gender: In which highest 27(67.5%) of college students were female and 13(32.5%) were male students.

Type of family:

In which majority 25(62.5%) of college students were from nuclear family and 15(37.5%) of college students were from joint family.

Place of accommodation:

This shows highest 22(55%) of college students living in home and 18(45%) of college students living in hostel.

Family monthly income:

In this, highest 19(47.5%) college students belongs to Rs.10001-15000/- family monthly income, whereas 13(32.5%) college students belongs to Above15000/- family monthly income and only 8(20%) college students belongs to 5001-10000/- family monthly income respectively.

Occupation of father:

In this most 16(40%) father were self employed, 13 (32.5%) father were working in private sector, 11 (27.5%) father were working in government sector.

Occupation of mother:

In this most 18(45%) mother were housewife, 10(25%) mother were working in private sector, 7(17.5%) were working in government sector and only 5(12.5%) mother were self employed.

Section III:

Effectiveness of Structured Teaching Program on Knowledge Regarding Suicide Prevention and Risk Among Adolescence Via Mean, Mean Difference, SD and “T” Test

Table No. 4: Description of mean, mean%, s.d. of pre-test and post – test level scores on knowledge regarding suicide prevention and risk among adolescence N = 40

Test	Mean	Mean %	S.D.	Mean % difference	‘t’ value
Pre – test	8.3	41.5%	2.56	23	7.54
Post – test	12.9	64.5 %	2.89	23	7.54

T39= 2.02, P<0.05 *significant

RESEARCH HYPOTHESIS:

H1: There is significant deference between pre-test and post test intervention among adolescents.

Table No. 4 indicated overall pre-test and post-test mean effectiveness of knowledge regarding risk factors and preventive measures for suicidal ideation. The mean pre-test score 8.3 is less than mean post-test score of 12.9. The data indicated that post-test scores were significantly less than pre - test score in t - test (t = 7.54 at p<0.05 level). Hence, the research hypothesis (H₁) is accepted. This indicates that the structured teaching program regarding risk factors and preventive measures for suicidal ideation was effective on adolescents.

Section IV:

Table 5: Chi – Square Test Showing the Association Between Pre-Test Level of knowledge Score Among adolescents with their Selected Demographic Variables. N = 40

S. No.	Socio Demogr aphic variables	Category	Frequency	Level of knowledge			D.F	Table value	Chi-squire value	Level of significance
S. No.	Socio Demogr aphic variables	Category	Frequency	poor	Average	good	D.F	Table value	Chi-squire value	Level of significance
1	Age (in year)	a) 16-17 Year	0	0	0	0	8	15.507	0.2207	NS
		b) 17-18 Year	3	1	2	0
		c) 18-19 Year	19	6	13	0
		d) 19-20 Year	18	7	11	0
		e) Above 20 Year	0	0	0	0
2	Gender	a) Male	13	3	10	0	2	5.991	1.1203	NS
2	Gender	b) Female	27	11	16	0	2	5.991	1.1203	NS
3	Type of family	a) Joint family	15	5	10	0	4	9.488	0.0292	NS
		b) Nuclear family	25	9	16	0
		c) Extended family	0	0	0	0
4	Place of accommodation	a) Hostel	18	7	11	0	2	5.991	0.2173	NS
4	Place of accommodation	b) Home	22	7	15	0	2	5.991	0.2173	NS
5	Family monthly income	a) Below 5000	0	0	0	0	6	12.592	0.3777	NS
		b) 5001-10000	8	2	6	0
		c) 10001-15000	19	7	12	0
		d) Above 15000	13	5	8	0
6	Occupation of father	a) Unemployed	0	0	0	0	6	12.592	1.5749	NS
		b) Self employed	16	6	10	0
		c) Private employee	13	3	10	0
		d) Government employee	11	5	6	0
7	Occupation of mother	a) House wife	18	5	13	0	6	12.592	1.4982	NS
		b) Self employed	5	1	4	0
		c) Private employee	10	5	5	0
		d) Government employee	7	3	4	0

N=40, P<0.05, S; P>0.05, NS; NS= Not significant

The above Table 4.5 shows there was statistically no significant association between Pre-Test Level of knowledge Score among adolescents and their Selected Demographic.

Hence it can be interpreted that the observational percentage score related to demographic variable is true and not true deference in statically. So, the research hypothesis H2 is not accepted.

DISCUSSION:

This chapter presents the major findings of the study and discusses them in relation to similar studies conducted by other researcher. The present study has been conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of structured teaching program on knowledge regarding risk factors and preventive measures for suicidal ideation among adolescents those who are studying in Rajeev Gandhi College Bhopal MP. In order to achieve the objectives Pre – Experimental research design with evaluative approach was adopted. The selection of the sample was done by convenient sampling. The sample comprised of 40 adolescents. The data were collected from them before and after structured teaching program on knowledge regarding adolescents

MAJOR FINDING OF THE STUDY:

Section I: Frequency and Percentage distribution of demographic variables of diabetic patients. Description of baseline characteristics of adolescents based on their demographic variables. It includes age, gender, type of family, place of accommodation, occupation of father and mother.

Section II: Analysis of pre-test and post-test knowledge score of adolescents regarding risk factors and preventive measures for suicidal ideation.

Section III: Evaluate effectiveness of planned teaching program on knowledge regarding risk factors and preventive measures for suicidal ideation among adolescents among by mean, mean differences, standard deviation and “t” test.

Section IV: Chi square analysis for association between pre-test knowledge score with their selected demographic variables.

Section I: Frequency and Percentage distribution of demographic variables of adolescents. Description of baseline characteristics of adolescents based on their demographic variables:

The data analysis showed that in pre- test 14(35%) of adolescents had poor knowledge and 26(65%) of adolescents had average knowledge regarding adolescents. In post- test 25(62.5%) of adolescents had average knowledge, and 15(37.5%) of adolescents had good knowledge. This result showed that the structure teaching program of the adolescents had average knowledge regarding adolescents was effective and brought about the excellent changes in their level of knowledge.

Demographic Variables:

·       Age: In relation to the age group of adolescents were highest 47.5% belongs to the age group of 18 – 19 year.

·       Gender: In terms of gender of adolescents highest 67.5% of study samples were female students.

· Place of Accomodation: In terms of place of accommodation of adolescents were highest 55% of them living in home.

· Type of the Family: In terms of type of family of adolescents highest 62.5% of them belongs to nuclear family.

· Family monthly income: In terms of family monthly income of adolescents highest 47.5% of them between 10001-15000.

· Occupation of the father: In terms of occupation of the father of adolescents highest 40% of father were self employee.

· Occupation of the mother: In terms of occupation of the mother of adolescents highest 45% of mother were house wife.

Section II: Analysis of the Pre- Test and Post Test Level of Knowlrdge Regarding Risk Factors and Preventive Measures for Suicidal Ideation among Adolescents.

Before giving knowledge, highest 14(35%) of the adolescents had poor knowledge, 26(65%) of them had average knowledge. The pre - test mean score was (8.3 ±2.56). The overall mean % of pre - test knowledge level was 41.1%.

After giving the knowledge 25(62.5%) of the adolescents had average knowledge and 15(37.5%) of them had good knowledge. The post - test mean score was (12.9±2.89). The overall mean % of post - test knowledge level was 64.5%.

Section III: Effectiveness of Structured Teaching Program on Knowledge Regarding Risk Factors and Preventive Measures for Suicidal Ideation Among Adolescents via mean, mean Deferance, Standerd Deviation and Paired ‘T’-Test

The mean post-test mean score 12.9 was more than mean pre – test mean score of 8.3. The data indicated that post - test scores were significantly less than pre - test score. And t – test value was 7.54(t= 7.54^*at p<0.05 level). This indicated that hypothesis H₁is accepted. This indicated that knowledge about risk factors and preventive measures for suicidal ideation effective. This result clearly showed that risk factors and preventive measures for suicidal ideation was effective for increasing the knowledge of suicidal ideation among adolescents studying in Rajeev Gandhi college Bhopal, and the result was highly significant at 0.05 levels.

Section IV: Association between Pre–Test Knowledge Level Score with Selected Demographic Variables:

The association between pre-test level of knowledge score and selected demographic variables of adolescents were analyzed. The result showed, the variables such as Exercise (χ ² = 7.91, DF =2) was significant at 0.05 level of significance i.e., p< 0.05 level. It indicates that there is a significant relationship between level of knowledge score and demographic variables. There was statistically no significant association between Pre-Test Level Of knowledge among adolescents and their Selected Demographic Variables. This indicated the research hypothesis (H₁) is accepted.

CONCLUSION:

The aim of this study was “To evaluate the effectiveness of structured teaching program on knowledge regarding risk factors and preventive measures for suicidal ideation among adolescents those who are studying in Rajeev Gandhi college Bhopal M.P.” knowledge was given, to motivate positive outlook of life, to improve quality of life and happy life to the adolescents. The following conclusion were drawn based on the present study-

Knowledge are the most common problem seen in the adolescents. Adolescents had less score before giving knowledge regarding risk factors and preventive measures for suicidal ideation. The level of knowledge among adolescents had more score after giving knowledge regarding risk factors and preventive measures for suicidal ideation. Therefore, knowledge regarding risk factors and preventive measures for suicidal ideation to all adolescents seems necessary.

REFERENCES:

1. Lingeswaran Anand, (2010), Suicide management guidelines. Nightingale Nursing Times, pp- 24

2. Aschkenasy J.R, (2005). The non-psychiatric physician’s responsibilities for the suicidal adolescents, New York state Journal of Medicine pp 97-104.

3. Burns TM, Patton GC (2000), Preventive interventions for youth suicide: a risk factor- based approach. Aust N2J Psychiatry: 388-407.

4. Kanthan, (March 2001), common risk factors in adolescents suicide attempters revisited pp11-13.

5. Kar N, Pany M, (2006). Risk factors of adolescent suicide attempt, Journal of Eastern Zonal Branch of Indian Psychiatric Society, pp 17-22.

6. Karolina E. Krysinska, (2007). Loss by suicide-a risk factor for suicidal behaviour. Journal of Psychosocial Nursing, pp 34-41

Received on 11.04.2025 Revised on 15.05.2025

Accepted on 11.06.2025 Published on 14.08.2025

Available online from August 23, 2025

Int. J. of Advances in Nursing Management. 2025;13(3):149-154.

DOI: 10.52711/2454-2652.2025.00029

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. Creative Commons License.

Level of Knowledge	Range	Frequency	Percentage (%)	Mean	Standerd Deviation	Mean Percentage
Poor Knowledge	0-7	14	35%
Average Knowledge	8-14	26	65%	8.3	2.56	41.5%
Good Knowledge	15-20	0	0

Level of knowledge	Score range	Pre-test		Post-test
Level of knowledge	Score range	Frequency	Percentage	Frequency	Percentage
Poor knowledge	0-7	14	35 %	00	00%
Average knowledge	8-14	26	65 %	25	62.5 %
Good knowledge	15-20	00	00 %	15	37.5%
Total		40	100 %	40	100 %